Definisi Kompetensi/ Definition of Competence & Competency

Di Indonesia kompetensi merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk terjemahan istilah dari bahasa Inggris competence dan competency dan keduanya digunakan interchangeable. Para ahli memberikan definisi berbeda untuk kedua kata tersebut. Berikut ini beberapa definisi dari para ahli tentang kompetensi:

1. competence will refer to an organism's capacity to interact effectively with its environment (White, 1959: 297).
2. Klemp (1981) bekerjasama dengan David McClelland dalam menjelaskan behavioral competencies for individuals in key job roles: competence is "any attribute of a person that underlies effective performance; a competency is simply an attribute related to doing a job effectively. People carry with them a wide assortment of knowledge, abilities, interests, traits, and motives, but unless these attributes relate demonstrably to doing a job well, they are not job competencies" (p. 55)
3. Boyatzis 1982: 6. A competency is defined as a capability or ability. It is a set of related but different sets of behavior organized around an underlying construct, which we call the 'intent'. The behaviors are alternate manifestations of the intent, as appropriate in various situations or times. ... A theory of performance is the basis for the concept of competency. The theory used in this approach is a basic contingency theory. Maximum performance is believed to occur when the person's capability or talent is consistent with the needs of the job demands and the organizational environment.
4. Mulder, Weigel and Collins (2007) competence is “the capability of a person to reach specific achievements”.
5. Billett (2003) defines competence as the capacity necessary for effective performance in vocational practice or in a particular academic discipline.
6. Wim Kouwenhoven: Competency is the capability to choose and use (apply) an integrated combination of knowledge, skills and attitude with the intention to realise a task in a certain context, while personal characteristics such as motivation, self-confidence, and willpower are part of that context. Competence is the capacity to accomplish 'up to standard' the key occupational tasks that characterise a profession. A competent professional shows a satisfactory (or superior) performance. 
7. Competence is generally defined as consisting of integrated pieces of knowledge, skills and attitudes (Lizzio & Wilson, 2004) and is assumed to be prerequisite for to be prerequisite for adequatefunctioning on the job (Eraut, 1994; Hager, Gonczi, & Athanasou, 1990).

Sedangkan pendidikan kejuruan diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi siswa mengembangkan kompetensinya (competence-development) sebagai upaya menyiapkan lulusan dapat dengan mudah transisi dari dunia persekolahan ke dunia kerja. Beberapa definisi competence development adalah sebagai berikut:


1.

Definisi Kurikulum

Beberapa definisi kurikulum yang sempat dipindahkan ke blog ini:

1. Dari bahasa latin 'curriculum' yang mengacu pada 'course' atau 'track' to be followed.
2. Menurut Jenkins & Shipman (1975), kurikulum adalah 'formation and implementation of an educational proposal to be taught and learned within the school or other institution and for which that institution accepts responsibility at three levels: its rationale, its actual implementation, and its effect.
3. Dari Undang-undang Sisdiknas 20/2003 kurikulum adalah seperangkat rencana dan pengaturan mengenai isi dan bahan pelajaran serta cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan belajar mengajar